Vaginal cysts
A vaginal cyst is a round formation filled with air, liquid, or other substance. Its size can vary from a pea to a chicken egg. It is most often found under the vaginal mucosa, but it can penetrate into the paravaginal or other tissue.
Vaginal cysts can be single or multiple, usually causing no symptoms and requiring no treatment. They are most often observed in women aged 30-40 years.
What are vaginal cysts?
The following types of vaginal cysts are distinguished based on their cause.
Vaginal cysts caused by injury to the vagina.
This type of cyst is the most common. They are caused by damage to the vaginal wall, for example, during childbirth, after an episiotomy (incision of the vagina and perineum at birth), or after another operation that damages the vagina. The cysts are located in the squamous epithelium and are filled with keratin and desquamated epithelial cells. Their sizes range from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter.
Cyst of the bartholin gland.
The bartholin glands are located on both sides of the vaginal opening. They produce a secret that moisturizes the vagina. When the gland's exit duct is blocked, secretions accumulate in it, and it becomes a cyst. Bartholin's cyst is asymptomatic. However, the cyst can become infected and form an abscess, which causes very severe pain.
Muller's cyst.
Muller cysts are a common type of vaginal cysts. They can be located anywhere in the vagina, but are most often found on the side walls. As a rule, cysts are small, ranging from 0.1 to 2 cm, but may be larger by 4-7 cm.
Muller's cysts originate from the Muller canal (schizonephric). During embryonic development, the vagina, uterus, and fallopian tubes are formed from the Muller channels. After birth, the Muller channels are reduced, but sometimes they can persist and form Muller cysts.
Gartner's cyst.
The Gartner cyst originates from the Gartner canal, which is the germinal remnant of the Wolf canal (mesonephric). The Gartner canal is located in the wide ligament of the uterus and in the vaginal wall. Gartner's cysts are usually small, often multiple. They are located on or near the front of the vagina.
What are the symptoms of a vaginal cyst?
Most vaginal cysts do not cause symptoms. The cyst may remain the same size or become larger over time.
Some women may notice a small lump protruding from the vaginal wall or have discomfort or pain during intercourse, walking, or exercising.
Vaginal cysts can become colonized by bacteria and become an abscess. There is severe pain, cyst enlargement, fever.
How is a vaginal cyst diagnosed?
Vaginal cysts are often diagnosed by a routine checkup with a gynecologist. The diagnosis is not complicated. The vagina is examined with a mirror and followed by palpation. The location, size, mobility, and growth sequence of the cyst are evaluated. If a tumor is suspected, a biopsy is performed.
Large vaginal cysts are differentiated from cystocele, diverticula of the urethra.
What is the treatment for a vaginal cyst?
No treatment is required for small asymptomatic cysts. When infected cysts are treated with antibiotics, the abscess is drained - a small incision is made into which a catheter is inserted, allowing the cyst to drain completely after a few weeks.
For large cysts that cause complaints, surgical treatment is performed - removal of the cyst from the underlying tissues. CS2 Market
Vaginal cysts can be single or multiple, usually causing no symptoms and requiring no treatment. They are most often observed in women aged 30-40 years.
What are vaginal cysts?
The following types of vaginal cysts are distinguished based on their cause.
Vaginal cysts caused by injury to the vagina.
This type of cyst is the most common. They are caused by damage to the vaginal wall, for example, during childbirth, after an episiotomy (incision of the vagina and perineum at birth), or after another operation that damages the vagina. The cysts are located in the squamous epithelium and are filled with keratin and desquamated epithelial cells. Their sizes range from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter.
Cyst of the bartholin gland.
The bartholin glands are located on both sides of the vaginal opening. They produce a secret that moisturizes the vagina. When the gland's exit duct is blocked, secretions accumulate in it, and it becomes a cyst. Bartholin's cyst is asymptomatic. However, the cyst can become infected and form an abscess, which causes very severe pain.
Muller's cyst.
Muller cysts are a common type of vaginal cysts. They can be located anywhere in the vagina, but are most often found on the side walls. As a rule, cysts are small, ranging from 0.1 to 2 cm, but may be larger by 4-7 cm.
Muller's cysts originate from the Muller canal (schizonephric). During embryonic development, the vagina, uterus, and fallopian tubes are formed from the Muller channels. After birth, the Muller channels are reduced, but sometimes they can persist and form Muller cysts.
Gartner's cyst.
The Gartner cyst originates from the Gartner canal, which is the germinal remnant of the Wolf canal (mesonephric). The Gartner canal is located in the wide ligament of the uterus and in the vaginal wall. Gartner's cysts are usually small, often multiple. They are located on or near the front of the vagina.
What are the symptoms of a vaginal cyst?
Most vaginal cysts do not cause symptoms. The cyst may remain the same size or become larger over time.
Some women may notice a small lump protruding from the vaginal wall or have discomfort or pain during intercourse, walking, or exercising.
Vaginal cysts can become colonized by bacteria and become an abscess. There is severe pain, cyst enlargement, fever.
How is a vaginal cyst diagnosed?
Vaginal cysts are often diagnosed by a routine checkup with a gynecologist. The diagnosis is not complicated. The vagina is examined with a mirror and followed by palpation. The location, size, mobility, and growth sequence of the cyst are evaluated. If a tumor is suspected, a biopsy is performed.
Large vaginal cysts are differentiated from cystocele, diverticula of the urethra.
What is the treatment for a vaginal cyst?
No treatment is required for small asymptomatic cysts. When infected cysts are treated with antibiotics, the abscess is drained - a small incision is made into which a catheter is inserted, allowing the cyst to drain completely after a few weeks.
For large cysts that cause complaints, surgical treatment is performed - removal of the cyst from the underlying tissues. CS2 Market